I am delighted to have the opportunity to answer your questions. Masonry is NOT a secret society, and invites and encourages serious inquiries. Many men, once they begin an investigation into Freemasonry, often will find themselves, going on to petition (apply) for membership.
1. Are there any oaths taken when becoming a Freemason?, If so what are they?
A very complete description can be found at:
http://masonicinfo.com/bloody.htm
2. Is it really a secret society?
The answer is a definite NO! Masonic buildings are clearly marked, members wear baseball caps, rings, tie-tacks, etc. I personally introduced the legislation in Kentucky, to get Masonic vehicle license plates. Masonic lodges have websites, and the meeting times are published. Masonic and masonically-affiliated charities distribute over $2.6 million dollars PER DAY to all types of charities. Every grand Lodge in the USA has a web site, and there are hundreds of books that been published for hundreds of years. It is more accurate to think of Masonry as a society with secrets, rather than a sercret society.
It may be helpful for you to think of a sports team. A football team is a public organization. But the team will keep its plays, and plans for upcoming games, private, and not discuss them with the public. The U.S. Air Force is a public organization, but battle plans, and other classified information is witheld from the public.
See:
http://www.masonicinfo.com/secrets.htm
and
http://www.msana.com/secrecy.asp
3. What is observed in the meetings?
In Craft Masonry, there are two basic types of meetings. Stated meetings, where ordinary lodge business is conducted. Discussions of paying the bills, when to vacuum the carpet, and all of the rather mundane details of running a non-profit organization are conducted. Often, there is a speaker, who will discuss topics like the Civil War, or law enforcement, or what the US government is doing in the war on terrorism. (I reside in Washington DC, and we get some terrific speakers).
And- Degree work. These are meetings, where new candidates for the fraternity are initiated into Freemasonry. There are three(3) degrees in Craft Masonry. The Entered Apprentice, the Fellow Craft, and the Master Mason. The Master Mason is the “black belt” of Masonry, there are no higher degrees. The degrees teach certain moral lessons, and all are conducted with great solemnity, and seriousness. There is no “hazing”, nor any childish or degrading behavior.
A more comprehensive discussion can be read at:
http://masonicinfo.com/initiation.htm
Masonic lodges can have other special meetings, for other special business or topics.
4. I have heard there are different degrees to be achieved, How do you come about achieving these?
See the link, at the above paragraph
5. Are there any rituals involved in initiation like fraternities?
Again, see the link:
http://masonicinfo.com/initiation.htm
6. What does the G stand for in the masonic symbol?
The letter “G” stands for God. All masons, and candidates for Masonry, must believe in God. Your individual belief system, and religious denomination, is a matter of extreme privacy, and of no concern to Freemasonry. No atheist can be made a Mason. Men of many different religious background and experiences, participate in Masonry.
==There is a very good “Cliff’s Notes” description of Masonry at:
http://www.masonic-renewal.org/freemasonry_explained.htm
If you have any other questions, I encourage you to post them here, or send me a PM.
Charles E. Martin
Fort Wayne, Indiana